“When this cruel war is over, praying then to meet again,”went the chorus of a popular Civil War song written by Henry Tucker in 1863. Those words encapsulated so much of what the war was to so many on the war front and at home: a seemingly endless period of waiting, worrying, and hoping. Yet the war in 1863 was only half over. The American Civil War stretched on and on, for four long, bloody years. The beginning of April 1865, though, 150 years ago, marked the Civil War’s decline with decisiveness.
Abraham Lincoln’s second term commenced on “a day of gloom and tempest,” ever so near to the close of the bloodiest war in American history: the Civil War. The streets were muddy from a heavy rain, “rendered almost impassable for foot passengers,” but Lincoln’s procession trudged on despite the mucky and wet conditions toward to the Capitol in the late morning, where he was to make his second inaugural speech in the afternoon.
“Crowd at Lincoln’s second inauguration, March 4, 1865.” Photo from the Library of Congress.
By the time he made his way to the stage, the skies had apparently settled to a murky gray color, with the rain desisting. Lincoln’s speech was brief and to the point, and characteristically his own: “In pithy brevity, sagacity and honesty of purpose, the address is Lincolnian all over” (Evening Star, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1865). Two excerpts follow that this author found particularly poignant:
“With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. On the occasion corresponding to this, four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it; all sought to avoid it…Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came…
…With malice toward none, with charity for all, …let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wound, …to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
Following his speech, an account of the remaining portion of the ceremony was relayed in the Lamoille Newsdealer:
The New York Tribune offered a hopeful summation of the day’s events: “May the President’s two terms of service together reflect the day of his second inauguration–so dark and angry in the morning–halcyon and radiant in the evening.”
Indeed, the Civil War was soon to end in April of that year. As Lincoln’s inauguration took place, Union troops were enclosing on Richmond, in a “coiling serpent of bayonets.”
Lincoln’s leadership, however, would be tragically cut short, and scarcely a week after the end of the war.
“The town is full of the wildest rumors, and speculation runs rife,” reported the Vermont Transcript on October 21, 1864, only a few days after the northern-most land attack in the Civil War in the town of St. Albans on October 19th, 1864.
The news spread quickly in Vermont, thanks to telegraph dispatches from St. Albans. This was from the Vermont Watchman & State Journal on October 21, 1864.
The raiders first appeared a few days earlier, staying at a variety of St. Albans lodgings, according to the Vermont Transcript:
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